HomeMy WebLinkAboutCC ORD 2015-2402 Amend 15.70 GradingORDINANCE NO. 2015 — 2402
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF NATIONAL CITY
AMENDING THE NATiONAL CITY MUNICIPAL CODE BY AMENDING
SECTIONS 15.70.010, 15.70.020, 15.70.025, 15.70.065, 5.70.0 7 5,
AND 15.70.140 OF CHAPTER 15.70 (GRADING)
The City Council of the City of National City does ordain as follows:
Section 1. Sections 15.70,010, 15.70.020, 15.70.025, 15.70.0E5, 15. r0.075. and
15.70.140 of Chapter 15.70 of Title 15 are amended, as follows:
15.70.010 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to safeguard life, limb, property,
and the public welfare by regulating grading and other earthwork activities, or by controlling
existing fills and excavations, and the construction of retaining walls, drainage facilities on
private property and to ensure that soil erosion, sedimentation, and storm water run-off are
regulated to reduce, to the maximum extent practicable (MEP), pollutants entering the MS4 and
receiving waters to protect water quality.
15.70.020 Appendix J of the 2013 California Building Code, Section J102
"Definitions" —Amended. For the purposes of this chapter, the following definitions supplement,
or modify certain definitions in Appendix J of the 2013 California Building Code, Section J102.
All other definitions listed in the 2013 Building Code shall remain applicable.
APPROVAL - The term "approval" does not constitute certification of the project as a
whole in terms of completeness, accuracy, design and construction standards, as shown on the
plans.
AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION - means the City Engineer of the City of National
City, or designee.
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) - shall have the same meaning as set forth
in National City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030. "Erosion and sediment control measures"
are BMPs.
BMP MANUAL- shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal
Code Section 14.22.030.
BUILDING OFFICIAL - means the City Engineer or designee.
CIVIL ENGINEER - means a professionai engineer registered in the State of California
to practice in the field of civil engineering as defined in Section 6731 of the California Business
and Professions Code. He or she is the person directly responsible for the project design, plan
certification, and construction supervision.
Ci T Y - means the city of National City.
DEVELOPMENT - means new cieveioprrient or redevelopment with land disturbing
activities, construction, or installation of a structure, the creation of impervious surface or land
subdivision.
DISCHARGE - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal Code
Section 14.22.030.
DRAINAGE PLAN - means a plan which shows existing and proposed site drainage
within a property that is to be developed or rough graded. The drainage plan shall be prepared
by a registered civil engineer, an architect, or other qualified and licensed professionals, and
shall comply with the standards and requirements of the City Engineer. If, for a given
development, no grading is proposed, or the earEhwork quantity involved in the grading is below
the established limit of this ordinance, and for which a grading plan is not required, then as a
minimum, a drainage plan shall be submitted for the development.
EROSION - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal Code
Section 14.22.030.
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN - means a plan prepared and signed and
stamped/sealed by a civil engineer competent in the preparation of such plans and
knowledgeable about current erosion and sediment control measures. The plan shall provide for
protection of exposed soils, prevention of discharge of sediment, and desiltation of run-off at
frequent intervals along flowage areas, at entrances to storm drains, at entrances to streets and
driveways, and at the exit of the area being graded.
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL SYSTEM - means any combination of desilting
facilities, retarding basins, flow decelerates, and/or erosion protection (including effective
planning and the maintenance thereof) to protect the project site, adjacent private property,
watercourses, public facilities, graded improvements, existing natural facilities, archaeological
artifacts, and relieve waters of suspended sediments or debris prior to discharge from the site.
GRADE - means the vertical location of the ground surface. in relation to a National City
benchmark elevation.
LAND DISTURBANCE ACTIVITY - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National
City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
MAXIMUM EXTENT PRACTICABLE (MEP) - shall have the same meaning as set forth
in National City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM (MS4) - shall have the same
meaning as set forth in National City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
MS4 PERMIT - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal
Code ScctionE 14.22.030.
NON -STORM WATER DISCHARGE - shall have the same meaning as set forth in
National City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
PERMITTEE - means any person, corporation, partnership, limited liability company,
non-profit entity, joint venture, association of any type, public entity or any other legal entity,
which submits an application for a permit pursuant to this Chapter.
POLLUTANT - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal Code
Section 14.22.030.
POLLUTION - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal Code
Section 14.22.030.
PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - shall have the same meaning as set forth in
National City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
RAINY SEASON - means the period beginning October lst and ending April 30th in the
next calendar year. The remainder of the year is the dry season.
Ordinance 2015-2402 2 NCMC Chapter 15.70
June 16, 2015 Grading
RETAINING WALL PLAN - means a plan prepared by a registered civil engineer, an
architect, or other qualified professional, which shows pertinent top and bottom of wall
elevations and the wall profile, together with the existing and proposed ground elevations and
profile at the wall. The plan shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements set forth by
the City Engineer; and shall be subject to approval by the City Engineer. The plan shall be
required for walls in excess of 3 feet (3') in height, measured from the top of the footing, to the
top of the wall, and for walls less than or equal to 3 feet (3') in height measured from the top of
the footing, to the top of the wall, supporting a surcharge or a sloped backfill. The retaining walls
shall be in accordance with the Regional Standard Drawings, and the Standard Specifications,
or shall be specially engineered.
RUN-OFF - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal Code
Section 14.22.030.
STATE - means the State of California.
STATE CONSTRUCTION GENERAL STORM WATER PERMIT - shall have the same
meaning as set forth in National City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
STORM WATER - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal
Code Section 14.22.030.
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP) - shall have the same
meaning as set forth in National City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National
City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
WATERS OF THE STATE - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City
Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES - shall have the same meaning as set forth in
National City Municipal Code Section 14.22.030.
WATERCOURSE - shall have the same meaning as set forth in National City Municipal
Code Section 14.22.030.
15.70.025 Hazards and safety precautions. If, at any stage of work, the City
Engineer determines that , o v; .. E lid: pr
�;.: �F�:.i�:1:.y i FiF:eFy F:J r..idi�Ll:,iszCi'J i.iiJo�,ry :ir urivat2 rvist-t'.r"y
or result in the deposition of debris on any public way or interfere with any existing drainage
course, the City Engineer may specify and require reasonable safety precautions to avoid the
danger. The Permittee shall be responsible for removing excess soil and debris deposited upon
adjacent and downstream public or private property resulting from Permittee's ❑rading
operations. Soil and debris shall be removed and damage to adjacent and downstream property
repaired as directed by the city engineer. Erosion and siltation control shall require temporary or
pei nai lei ii siltation basil is, energy dissipaters, or other measures as field conditions warrant,
whether or not such measures are a part of approved plans. The Permittee shall incur cost
associated with any work outlined in this section.
The City Engineer shall not issue a grading permit in any case where the City Engineer
finds that the work, as proposed by the applicant, will damage any private or public property, or
interfere with any existing drainage course in a manner which may cause damage to any
adjacent property, or result in the depositing of debris on any public way, or create an
Ordinance 2015-2402 3 NCMC Chapter 15.70
June 16, 2015 Grading
unreasonable hazard to person or property, or cause or contribute to an exceedance of State
water quality standards, or fail to reduce pollutants from the site to the MEP.
15.70.065 Appendix J of the 2013 California Building Code, Section J104 "Permit
application and submittals,' Subsection J104.6 "Regular grading and retaining wall construction
reo.uirements"—Added. Section J104.6 is added to the 2013 California Building Code to read
as follows:
J104.6 Regular Grading and Retaining Wall Construction Requirements.
Each application for a grading or retaining wail permit shaii be
accompanied by four sets of plans and specifications, in sufficient clarity,
to indicate the nature and extent of the work, as well as supporting data
consisting of a soils engineering report, engineering geology report (if
necessary), drainage study, structural calculations, cost estimate, and
other pertinent information as required by the City Engineer. All grading
plans shall be prepared and signed and stamped/sealed by a registered
civil engineer and by a registered soil engineer, or registered civil engineer
competent in soils engineering. The plans shall include the following
information:
1. Location of work;
2. Name of the person who prepared the plans;
3. General vicinity of the proposed site;
4. Limiting dimensions and depth of cut and fill with input
and export values;
5. Location of any buildings or structures where work is to
be performed, and the location of any buildings or structures within 15
feet (15') of the proposed grading;
6. All other relevant information listed in the plan checklists
as developed by the City Engineer.
The City Engineer may waive the requirement for a grading permit
when the proposed grading is on a single lot or parcel not proposed for
further subdivision and in the opinion of the City Engineer, the proposed
grading entails no hazard to any adjacent property, does not necessitate
construction of extensive drainage structures or erosion and sediment
control facilities, and does not interfere in any way with existing natural or
improved drainage courses or channels.
A retaining wall Tess than or equal to three feet (3') in height
measured from the top of the footing to the top of the wall, when no
surcharge is present, the backfill is level, and when not an integral part of
a building shall be exempt from a grading permit. However, the construction
of said retaining wall shall comply with the Regional Standard Drawings,
and is subject to inspection by the City Engineer or his/her designee.
Ordinance 2015-2402 4 NCMC Chapter 15.70
June 16, 2015 Grading
15.70.075 Appendix J of the 2013 California Building Code, Section J104 "Permit
application and submittals," Subsection J104.8 'Conditions" —Added. Section J104.8 of the
2014 California Building Code is added to read as follows:
A. Standards. P,EI grading, drainage, and retaining wail work
done under this ordinance shall be in accordance with the approved plans
and the conditions of the required permits. The work shall conform to the
Standards of the City of National City, the County of San Diego Regional
Standard Drawings (latest adopted edition), the Public Works Inspection
Manual (latest adopted edition), the Standard Specifications for P- ubiic
Works Construction (latest adopted edition), anal any other conditions as
may be determined by the City Engineer to be applicable to the work.
Deviations from the requirements of these standards may be permitted by
the City Engineer, based upon written reports and recommendations by
qualified authorities.
B. Water Quality. It shall be a condition of every permit issued
under this chapter that the Permittee shall comply with all the provisions of
the City of National City Watercourse Protection, Storm Water
Management and Discharge Control Ordinance in Chapter 14.22 of this
Code.
C. Minimum BMPs. The BMPs required by the City of National
City Storm Water Best Management Practices Manual adopted in this
Municipal Code shall be the minimum BMPs required for issuance of a
grading permit and additional BMPs may be required by the City Engineer
as a condition of issuance of the grading permit.
D. Grading Plan Requirements. All grading plans, regardless
of the date of submittal, shall include an erosion and sediment control plan
in accordance with the requirements of the City's BMP Manual and
designed to limit erosion of all disturbed portions of the property and to
eliminate the transport of soil onto adjacent properties or into streets, storm
drains, or drainage ways.
E_. Priority Development Protect Determination Form. A
determination form as created by the City Engineer shall be submitted with
plans,
15.70.140 Appendix J of the 2013 California Building Code, Section J110 "Erosion
Control," Subsection 3 `Storm Water Erosion and Sediment" —Added. Subsection J11O.3 is
added to the 2013 California Building Code to read as follows:
J110.3 Stormwater Erosion and Sediment.
A. Plans for an erosion and sediment control system shall be
prepared and submitted for the review and approval of the City Engineer
as a part of any application for a grading permit. The erosion and sediment
control system shall comply with the requirements of the latest State
Ordinance 2015-2402 5 NCMC Chapter 15.70
June 16, 2015 Grading
genera! construction stormwater permit (NPDES Permit N.!o. CAS000002)
and any amendments thereto; the MS4 Permit; the City's Storm Water
Managernent and Discharge Control Ordinance (Chapter 14,22), and this
chapter to satisfy the requirements for erosion and sediment control and to
eliminate the discharge of sediment and pollutants. The erosion control
plan shall include, but not be limited to, the following information:
1. Name, address, and a twenty -four-hour phone
number of the owner or responsible party, and the person or contractor
responsible for installing and maintaining the erosion control system and
performing emergency erosion control work;
2. The name, address, and signature of the Civil
Engineer or person who prepared the plan;
3. All desilting basins, debris basins, silt traps, and
other desilting, velocity retarding and protection facilities necessary to
adequately protect the site and downstream properties from erosion and
its effects, preserve natural hydrologic features, and preserve riparian
buffers and corridors;
4. The streets, easements, drains, and other
improvements;
5. The location and placement of gravel bags,
diverters, check dams, slope planting, drains, and other erosion controlling
devices and measures;
6. Access routes to all such erosion control facilities
and how access shall be maintained during inclement weather.
B. Erosion and sediment control system standards shall be as
follows:
1. Erosion and sediment control BMPs shall be
implemented as required by the City's BMP Manual.
2. The Permittee or owner shall be responsible for
control of erosion and sediment on all a ca:: of grading unt € acceptance of
the completed grading by the City Engineer. This responsibiiity extends to
competed and occupied lots.
3. No earth or organic material shall be deposited or
placed where it may be directly carried into a stream or body of standing
water.
4. All removable protective devices shown shall be in
place at the end of each working day when there is a fifty percent chance
of rain within a forty-eight hour period_ If the Permittee does not provide the
required installation or maintenance of erosion control structures within two
hours of notification at the twenty-four hour number on the plans, the City
Engineer may order City crews to do the work or may issue contracts for
such work and charge the cost of this work along with reasonable overhead
charges to the cash deposits or other instruments implemented for this
work without further notification to the owner. No additional work on the
Ordinance 2015-2402 6 NCMC Chapter 15.70
June 16, 2015 Grading
project except erosion control work may be performed until the Permittee
restores the full amount drawn from the deposit.
5. At any time of year; an inactive area shalll be fully
protected from erosion and discharges of sediment. An area is considered
inactive if construction activities have ceased for a period of 14 or more
consecutive days.
6. BMP Implementation. The Permittee shall
implement the BMPs necessary to reduce discharges of pollutants in storm
water from construction sites to the MEP, and effectively prevent non -storm
water discharges from construction sites into the MS4 in accordance with
the BMP Manual. The BMPs shall be site specific, seasonally appropriate,
and construction phase appropriate. BMPs shall be irnplemented at each
construction site year round. If the project is subject to post -construction
BMP requirements for Priority Development Projects described in the BMP
Manual, the Permittee shall ensure that post -construction structural BMPs
are installed per plans and maintenance is established.
7. BMP Maintenance. All BMPs for erosion prevention
and sediment control shall be functional at all times. Prior to the rainy
season and after each major storm, all source control and structural
treatment BMPs shall be inspected by the Permittee to assure the
functionality and effectiveness. Proper BMP maintenance shall be
conducted throughout the life of the project.
8. No grading shall be allowed from October 1st
through the following April 3Dth on any site if the City Engineer determines
that erosion, mudflow or sediment of silt discharge may adversely affect
water quality, downstream properties, drainage courses, storm drains,
streets, easements, or public or private facilities or improvements unless
an approved erosion and sediment control system has been implemented
on the site. !f the City determines that it is necessary for the City to cause
el05bn and Jcdimo:;t COrl!C _:ICa iuwS iu b inela!1ed or cleanup to be
done, the Permittee shall pay ail of the City's direct and indirect costs
including extra inspection, supervision, and reasonable overhead charges.
9. Establishment of Permanent Vegetation.
a. General. The face of all cut and fill slopes. in
excess of 3 feet in vertical height, but only final slopes of any borrow pit,
shall be planted and maintained with a ground cover or other planting to
protect the slopes against erosion and instability. Planting snail commence
as soon as slopes are completed on any portion of the site and shall be
established upon all slopes prior to the final approval of the grading. In
order to minimize the period during which a cut or filled surface remains
exposed, such planting shall provide for rapid short-term coverage of the
slope as well as long-term permanent coverage. Planting materials and
procedures shall conform to regulations adopted by the City Engineer. The
City Engineer may approve other plant materials as specified by a
Ordinance 2015-2402 7 NCMC Chapter 15.70
June 16, 2015 Grading
landscape architect. The Permittee shall maintain such planting until it is
well established as determined by the City Engineer.
b. Minimum Requirements. In addition to
planting with ground cover, slopes in excess of fifteen (15)feet in vertical
height shall be planted with shrubs in 2 1/4 inch pots or trees having a ono
(1) aatIon minimum size at ten (10) feet on center in both directions on the
slope. The City Engineer may vary the plant and planting pattern, but not
the quantity, upon the recommendation of landscape architect and
approval.
c. Where cut slopes are not subject to erosion
due to their rocky character or where the slopes are protected with
pneumatically applied concrete mortar or otherwise treated to protect
against erosion and instability to the satisfaction of the City Engineer, the
requirement of this subsection may be waived by the City Engineer.
d. The City Engineer may require the applicant
to temporarily stabilize and reseed disturbed soil areas to protect the
Waters of the State. If grass or ground cover is not established by the
beginning of the wet season, temporary erosion and sediment control
measures such as erosion control mats or blankets shall be installed on the
slopes. If grass or ground cover is not established by the beginning of the
wet season, temporary erosion and sediment control measures such as
erosion control mats or blankets shall be installed on the slopes.
10. Irrigation System Requirements.
a. General. Except for agricultural grading
permits, all slopes to be constructed, but only final slopes of any borrow pit,
shall be provided with an irrigation system which shall be used by the
Permittee to promote the growth of plants to protect the slopes against
erosion. The Permittee shall be responsible for installation and
maintenance of the irrigation system until the City Engineer determines that
the syfAcrr vodi"i properly installed and iiieets the minimum
requirements of this section. When the City Engineer finds that a slope less
than fifteen (15) feet in height is located in an area as to make hand
watering possible, conveniently located hose bibs may be accepted in lieu
of the required irrigation system when a hose no longer than fifty (50) feet
would be required.
b. Minimum Requirements (1) Plans for the
irrigation system shall be in accordance with San Diego Regional Standard
Specifications for Sprinkler Irrigation Systems and shall be approved by the
National City, City Engineer prior to installation. (2) The irrigation system
shall be located relative to existing and proposed property lines to insure
that the irrigation system and the slopes sprinkled thereby will both be
within the same property boundaries. The irrigation system shall be
supplied or be readily converted so as to be supplied through the metered
water service line serving each individual property. (3) The irrigation system
Ordinance 2015-2402 8 NCMC Chapter 15.70
June 16, 2015 Grading
shall provide uniform coverage for the slope area at a rate of not less than
0.03 inches per hour, nor greater than 0.30 inches per hour. A functional
test of the irrigation systems shall be performed to the satisfaction of the
City Engineer prior to final approval of the grading. (4) A check valve and
balance cock shall be installed in the system where drainage from sprinkler
heads will create an erosion problerr.. (5) Adequate back flow protection
devices shall be installed in each irrigation system. Such devices shall be
protected against physical damage during construction operations.
11. Waiver of Planting and Irrigation Requirements. The
City Engineer may modify or waive the requirements for pianting and/or
irrigation systems if he/she finds that said regUirerrients Vito! �lr� be
unreasonable or unnecessary for any of the following reasons: (a) the area
is subject to periodic inundation, or (b) water is unavailable to the area such
that irrigation would be impractical or impossible, or (c) the area is naturally
devoid of vegetation.
12. State Construction General Storm Water Permit
Requirements.
a. Notice of Intent. Permittees required to
comply with the State construction general storm water permit shall
maintain on site and make available for inspection on request by the City
any state -issued Waste Discharge Identification Number for the site, and a
copy of the Notice of Intent filed with the State Water Resources Control
Board (SWRCB) pursuant to that permit.
b. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
(SWPPP). Permittees required to prepare a SWPPP under the State
construction general storm water permit must prepare the SWPPP,
implement the SWPPP, and maintain it at the site, readily available for
review. Failure to comply with an applicable State -required SWPPP is a
violation of this chapter.
c. Facility Monitorine Permittees required to
conduct monitoring under the State construction general storm water
permit must conduct such ronitoring in conformance with requirements
specified by the State, retain records of such monitoring on site, and make
such records available for inspection by the city engineer.
Section 2. The proposed action is not a project subject to review under the
California Environmeniai Quaiiiy Act (CEQA) because this ordinance is to implement other
agency requirements and the City has no discretion regarding the permit requirement. Section
15060(c)(1) of the State CEQA Guidelines provides that only those actions involving the
exercise of discretionary powers are projects within the meaning of CEQA.
Even if the action is a project, it is exempt from CEQA review pursuant to Public
Resources Code § 21080.5 as part of a certified regulatory program. The Basin Plan and Water
Quality Control Plans implemented by the 2013 Permit are certified regulatory programs within
Ordinance 2015-2402 9 NCMC Chapter 15.70
June 16, 2015 Grading
the meaning of Public Resources Code section 21080.5. (14 Cal. Code Regs. § 15251(g).) The
2013 Municipal Permit is functionally a portion of the RWQCB administered regulatory program
and as such is exempt from CEQA review by Public Resources Code § 21080.5. (Water Code §
3775.)
Moreover, the proposed action is
also exempt from CEQA review by and pursuant to
Sections 15301, 15307, and 15308 of the State CEQA Guidelines. Section 15301 exempts from
CEQA review the "operation, repair; maintenance, oern-lifting, !easing, licensing, or minor
alteration of existing public or private structures, facilities, mechanical equipment, or
topographical features, involving negligible or no expansion of use heyond that existing at the
time of the lead agency's determination". Amending the Storm Water Management and
Discharge Control Ordinance in accordance with the 2013 Municipal Permit, the City is taking a
necessary step to allow for the continued operation of its existing MS4. As such, the proposed
action is exempt from CEQA pursuant to Section 15301 of the State CEQA Guidelines. Sections
15307 and 15308 of the State CEQA Guidelines collectively exempt actions taken by regulatory
agencies as authorized by State law or local ordinance to assure the maintenance, restoration,
enhancement, and protection of a natural resource or environment where the regulatory process
involves procedures for protection of the environment. The Ordinance is being enacted to help
protect the beneficial uses of waters of the United States and State receiving waters in the
manner required by the 2013 Municipal Permit. The 2013 Municipal Permit and resultant
provisions in the Ordinance include procedures for the protection of the environment, including
requirements for monitoring, reporting, and enforcement to ensure actions taken to protect
natural resources and the environment are effective. The proposed action is, accordingly, also
exempt from CEQA review under Sections 15307 and 15308 of the State CEQA Guidelines.
PASSED and ADOPTED this 16th day of June, 2015.
ATTEST:
4'
Michael R. Dalla, City Clerk
PPROVED AS TO FORM:
audia G. Si! a
City Attorney
Ron Morrison, Mayor
Ordinance 2015-2402
June 16, 2015
10
NCMC Chapter 15.70
Grading
Passed and adopted by the Council of the City of National City California, on June 16,
2015 by the following vote, to -wit:
Ayes: Councilmernbers Canc, Mendivil, Morrison, Rios, Soteio-Solis.
Nays: None.
Absent: None.
Abstain: None.
AUTHENTICATED BY:
By:
RON MORRISON
Mayor of the City of National City, California
ze
City CI rk of the City of ational City, California
Deputy
1 HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing ordinance was not finally adopted until seven
calendar days had elapsed between the day of its introduction and the day of its final
passage, to wit, on June 2, 2015 and on June 16, 2015.
l FURTHER CERTIFY THAT said ordinance was read in full prior to its final passage or
that the reading of said ordinance in full was dispensed with by a vote of not less than a
majority of the members erected to the Council and that there was available for the
consideration of each member of the Council and the public prior to the day of its
passage a written or printed copy of said ordinance.
I FURTHER CERTIFY that the above and foregoing is a full, true and correct copy of
ORDINANCE NO. 2015-2402 of the City Council of the City of National City, passed
and adopted by the Council of said City on June 16, 2015.
By:
City Clerk of the City of National City, California
Qeput